CREDIT WORK UNDER THE SECTION "ECONOMIC SPHERE OF LIFE OF THE SOCIETY".
OPTION 2.
Part A tasks.
1. Russian government provided financial assistance to those affected by the severe flooding. What area economic activity illustrates this fact?
A) distribution b) consumption c) exchange d) production.
2. Economic systems differ:
A) the amount of investment in the economy b) ways of distributing limited resources c) the amount of money supply in circulation d) the skill level of workers.
3. The consolidated plan for collecting state revenues and using the funds received to cover all types of its expenses is called:
A) financial plan b) accounting report c) state budget
d) economic calculation.
4. Are the judgments correct:
A. The size of the profit received by the manufacturer is one of the factors in the growth of supply.
B. An increase in price usually leads to an increase in supply.
5. Direct taxes are characterized by the fact that they:
A) are charged only from enterprises-monopolists b) are not charged from citizens c) are used only to reduce the state. debt d) are a mandatory fee in favor of the state.
6. State in a market economy:
A) provides legal protection of private property b) sets prices for essential goods c) centrally distributes resources d) determines the rates and salaries of workers in enterprises.
7. The types of enterprises identified depending on the form of ownership include:
A) Production Association b) a joint-stock company c) a natural monopoly d) a branch of a factory.
8. The market of economic resources includes:
A) labor market b) commodity market c) stock market d) foreign exchange market.
9. State budget expenditures include:
A) government profits enterprises b) % according to the state. bonds c) social security contributions d) excises.
10. Are the judgments correct:
A. The main purpose of the activities of the Bank of Russia (Central Bank) is to make a profit.
B. The most important task of the Central Bank is to protect and ensure the stability of the ruble.
A) only A is true b) only B is true c) both are true d) both are false.
11. Economic indicator, expressing the market value of all final goods and services produced in the territory of a given country in a year:
A) GDP b) GNP c) personal income d) national income.
12. Growth in demand for management services reflects the situation in the market:
A) capital b) labor c) stock d) goods and services.
13. Are the judgments correct:
A. In the process of privatization of the state. property becomes private property.
B. Joint-Stock Company is a form of collective ownership.
A) only A is true b) only B is true c) both are true d) both are false.
14. A security giving the right to receive dividends is:
A) share b) credit c) certificate d) promissory note.
15. What is not typical for the period of recovery in the economic cycle:
A) decrease in investment b) decrease in unemployment c) growth wages
d) an increase in the volume of loans.
Part B tasks.
1. Fill in the gaps in the scheme:
TYPES OF ECONOMIC SYSTEMS
Traditional Team Market ______________.
2. Read the text below, each position of which is numbered.
(1) In the early 1990s, there were only about 10 state institutions in Russia. banks that serviced all settlements in the country. (2) According to official data of the Central Bank, as of May 1996. 2568 banks are registered in Russia, including 1556-share and 1012-joint-stock. (3) Despite the rapid growth in the number of commercial banks, the formation of an optimal banking system is still far away. (4) Experts believe that the Russian banking system for whole decades behind the Western one in terms of technical level.
Determine what positions are:
A) the actual nature B) the nature of value judgments. Write your answer as a sequence of letters.
3. Establish a correspondence between the factors of production and examples. Write your answer as a sequence of letters.
EXAMPLES: 1. lathe 2. hard coal 3. equipment adjuster 4. company office 5. manager.
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION: A) land B) labor C) capital.
Part C tasks.
1. List three features of a command economic system.
2. Use three examples to show the sources of family income.
3. Read the text and answer the questions to it.
Should the state regulate the economy?
The growing role of government is a major reason for the deterioration of our economy. Incorrect implementation by the government of monetary and budgetary policy contributed to the instability of the aggregate product and inflation. Government regulation is the main reason for the slowdown in productivity growth and the decline in research and development. The expansion of government income redistribution programs has exacerbated the instability of family life, and may have led to a drop in the birth rate. Low level accumulation and slow growth of fixed capital is a consequence of the taxation system, government policies and the expansion of social insurance programs. A. Feldstein
Everyone is aware that the market needs rules to avoid such dangers as monopolies and oligopolies. But wealth is just as bad for a monopoly. The state must not abandon its role of redistribution; it also cannot give the market its role in development. The main challenge is to establish equality, and for this the state, which globalization considers a passed stage, is vital. Only it can establish progressive taxation, adequate regulation of privatized public services, support for small and medium-sized companies, greater efficiency in public spending, and significant improvements in education and health care. R. Alfonsin.
3-3. Specify three negative consequences, to which, according to the author of the first text, the state leads. market regulation. Based on the knowledge from the course of social science, try to prove the groundlessness of one of these consequences.
What are the main areas of society? What are the main areas of society? What does it include economic sphere? What does the economic sphere include? What role does the economy play in people's lives? What role does the economy play in people's lives? How are the subsystems of society interconnected? How are the subsystems of society interconnected?
3. Political 2. Economic 4. Spiritual 1. Social totality of social communities And groups, relations between them And special institutions and institutions. Material production and relations arising between people in the process of production of material goods, their exchange and distribution. Covers various forms and levels of knowledge. includes policy State law
Lesson Objectives:______________ Lesson Objectives: Lesson Objectives: To give an objective analysis of the economic sphere. Give an objective analysis of the economic sphere. Form ideas about economic systems in modern world. To form ideas about economic systems in the modern world. Analyze the relationship between the economy and the state. Analyze the relationship between the economy and the state.
Factors of production of the working-age population of the country and the amount of time Volume labor resources society depends on the size of the country's able-bodied population and the amount of time that this population can work in a year with land areas, volumes water resources or minerals Dimensions of individual elements natural resources usually expressed in terms of land areas, volumes of water resources or minerals, the total monetary value of the production and technical apparatus. The amount of capital is measured by the total monetary value of the production and technical apparatus. The volume of entrepreneurial resource cannot be measured The volume cannot be accurately measured
Economy as a system. UE 2 Purpose: to identify forms of organization economic activity. Task 1. List the types of economic systems.____________________ _____________ Task 2. What questions does the economy solve? ____________________ _______________ Task 3. What influences the choice of economic systems? _______________________ ___________________ Using the diagrams and the teacher's story, complete the tasks. Applications 5 (5 minutes)
economic system A specially ordered set of connections and relations between producers and consumers of goods and services Socio-economic relationship economic mechanism systems legal forms economic activities Economic relations between entities Non-market Market Traditional system farms administrative system mixed economy Market economy Directive planning Administrative Methods management. Self-supporting incentives Competition Market structures. State regulation
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS. market administrative command Place, bazaar Sphere of monetary circulation All issues of production are decided depending on supply and demand Government All issues are decided by central authorities ( government plans)
Work in groups 1st group. Market economy. 1st group. Market economy. 2nd group. Command - administrative economics. 2nd group. Command-administrative economy. 3rd group. Mixed economy. 3rd group. Mixed economy. 4th group. traditional economy. 4th group. traditional economy.
Man in the world of economic relations. 1st group. Man is a manufacturer, entrepreneur, businessman. 1st group. Man is a manufacturer, entrepreneur, businessman. 2nd group. A person is a consumer, an owner engaged in individual labor activity. 2nd group. A person is a consumer, an owner engaged in individual labor activity. 3rd group. Man - as a means and subject of labor. 3rd group. Man - as a means and subject of labor. 4th group. A person is a private owner, a labor force. 4th group. A person is a private owner, a labor force.
The role of the state in the economy STATE Protection of the competition mechanism from unfair competition Creation of stable legislation Regulation of funds Assistance to the socially disadvantaged Protection of consumer rights Control over the quality of goods Protection of the economic interests of the country Environmental protection
The textbook contains materials on issues that reveal the content of the life of society and its individual aspects: economic, political, spiritual, cultural, the formation and functioning of the state, the emergence and development of forms of social consciousness. The textbook meets the requirements of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.
Economic sphere of society
4.1. The concept of "economic sphere and "economy". Resources and their limitations
Economic sphere - decisive in the life of society - regulates the issues of production, ownership, exchange, distribution and consumption of material and spiritual goods.
The economic sphere is formed historically. Its development is due to changes in social production, the need to stimulate the activities of producers in such a way as the nature and content of labor require.
concept "economy" often used to characterize social production. Exist different approaches to the definition of the content of the economy.
Firstly, the economy is considered as a set of industries and types of material production and non-productive sphere. It creates goods and services, without which human society cannot exist and develop.
Secondly, the economy is usually associated with a set of economic relations that develop in the system of production, distribution, exchange and consumption. These relations form the economic basis of society.
Third, economics is understood as a branch of science that studies the functional or sectoral aspects of economic relations.
Fourth, researchers have in mind the economy when they distinguish micro- and macroeconomic production and intereconomics. Microeconomics acts as a separate production or enterprise. Macroeconomics appears as National economy. Intereconomy characterizes the patterns of emergence and development of the world economy.
Fifth, distinguish various forms of the economy: market, mixed, etc.
At sixth, the economy is given a leading place in the system of social relations. It determines the content of the political, legal, spiritual and other spheres public life.
IN real life production always has a certain socio-economic form and is distinguished by the relations that develop between people.
So, economy is a sphere of human activity in which the material goods necessary to satisfy the various needs of people are created.
Resources- this is all that is spent in the process of producing goods and services and from which a person benefits for himself.
Resources can be divided into:
– natural (natural forces and substances);
– material (all supernatural, "man-made" means of production that are the result of production);
– labor (population of working age);
– financial (cash allocated by society for the organization of production);
– informational (facilities mass media). All resources have one thing in common: they are available in limited quantities. Indeed, except for air, solar heat and rain, all other means of satisfying human needs exist to a limited extent.
Limitation- this is the insufficiency of production resources to create the volume of goods (goods and services) that people would like to receive.
To satisfy their material needs, people organize production.
4.2. Production
Production- this is a certain process of creating vital goods necessary for the development of human society.
Social production is a complex economic concept, which combines material and non-material production into a system. material production- the basis for the development of human society in general, non-material production in particular, the role of which is steadily increasing.
History knows two main forms of social production - natural and commodity.
natural production- this is a form of management in which the products of labor are intended to satisfy the producer's own needs, for on-farm consumption.
Subsistence economy is a closed system in which everyone works for himself, for his own internal needs. The main features of natural economy are isolation and conservatism, manual labor, slow pace of development, direct links between production and consumption. The law of the development of natural economy is the repetition of production in the same volumes. However, despite its primitiveness and relative hopelessness, subsistence farming has a stable character and exists to this day. The commodity economy is more developed and complex in comparison with natural economy.
Commodity production- this is a form of economic organization when products are produced by separate, separate producers, each specializing in the development of one particular product, so that the purchase and sale of products on the market is necessary to meet social needs.
In the process of production, people enter into relations with each other, that is, in relations of production. They represent a complex system that includes property relations, as well as forms of distribution of the production product, its exchange and consumption.
Production for society is an objective necessity. Since human needs are limitless, constantly changing and growing, this encourages society to develop production. For this, factors of production are used.
Factors of production- These are the elements of the production system and the processes affecting it.
The following main factors of production:
– Earth (all types of natural resources available on the planet, suitable for the production of goods);
– work (human efforts that are expended in the production process);
– capital (material and spiritual resources with which you can increase the productivity of land and labor);
– entrepreneurship (special abilities of people who can coordinate and manage production);
– information (knowledge and information that people need for conscious economic activity). In the production process, each factor performs its function and has its own income share:
– rent (land owners);
– wages (wage-earners);
– percent (owners of capital);
– profit (entrepreneurs);
– control (managers, shareholders of mass media).
In order to produce, the factors of production should connect. By the nature of the combination of factors of production can be carried out:
– on a voluntary basis (if the means of production are owned by the producers themselves);
– V compulsory order (if the means of production are separated from workers and are the property of other members of society).
In its turn, compulsion to the combination of factors of production can be:
– non-economic (slavery and feudalism did this directly with the help of armed force - they forced slaves and peasants to work for themselves under the threat of arms);
– economic (capitalism realizes this with the help of commodity-money relations, i.e., the capitalist does not force the worker to work for him, but the worker is forced to take a job in order not to die of hunger).
The result of social production is the total social product (SOP), consisting of objects, things and rendered services.
In its own way economic role The total social product is divided into:
– material costs(raw material, energy, materials);
– pure product (labor of workers employed in social production for certain period time).
In turn, a pure product includes:
– necessary part (which serves the reproduction of the labor force, satisfying both the material needs of people in food, clothing, housing, and helping to realize their spiritual and social aspirations);
– surplus part (which is necessary for the expansion of production and forms social savings). The total social product can also be measured using the following indicators:
– gross social product (GSP), which is the total value of all final goods and services produced in the country during the year;
– national income (ND) - this is a part of the total social product, containing the value newly created during the year;
End of introductory segment.
Mankind and each individual person needs certain conditions of existence, without which life is impossible. In the 5th grade, you learned that everything that people need for life, what they need, is called needs.
The most paramount of them are the needs for food, clothing, housing, i.e. in material wealth.
Material good is everything that is able to satisfy the daily life needs of people, to be useful. For example, the clothes we wear or the water we drink.
The number of needs is constantly growing, they are becoming more diverse. Man in the 21st century seeks to satisfy the needs for education, in medical care, in communication with other people, in various forms of leisure and recreation, etc. In addition, he needs the services of sellers, hairdressers, tailoring, repairing equipment, etc. All these needs are satisfied by the economy.
The word "economy" appeared in ancient Greece. Among the ancient Greeks, it meant "the art of housekeeping."
In our time, the economy is understood as an economy in the broadest sense of the word. The economy is both a household, and the economy of an enterprise (firm), and the economy of a city, and the economy of an entire state, and world economy. Thus, the concept of "economy" has several meanings.
Economy - the sphere of public life in which the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material goods takes place;
management system; rationally organized economic activity of people, aimed at creating objects, goods or services that meet the needs of people.
The main goal of economic activity is the satisfaction of human needs. No society can exist without meeting the needs of the people. To do this, it is necessary to produce products and provide services to the population.
The economy requires rational (reasonable) behavior from people, the ability to make choices, answering the questions: what to produce? how to produce? for whom to produce? That is why the economy has always been called and is still called a method of rational organization of economic activity.
The economic (economic) activity of people consists of four areas: production, distribution, exchange and consumption of goods and services.
These four spheres are interconnected by economic activity. It includes many activities - the efforts of an entrepreneur, the work of a steelworker or miner, the cultivation and collection of grain, the provision dental services, transportation of goods and goods, financial or intermediary activities, etc.
Thus, economic (economic) activity has an important distinguishing feature is a set of organized actions of a large number of people aimed at the production of goods or the provision of services for profit.
Types of economic activity
The production of goods and services is the basis of any economy.
Manufacturing is the process of creating various goods and services for sale.
All types of economic activity are divided into the production of goods and the production of services.
The production of goods includes a large number of subspecies of economic activity. For example, manufacturing industries include more than two dozen subspecies - from food production to furniture, machinery and equipment. And in each subspecies of production, thousands and hundreds of thousands of enterprises, factories, plants, firms and organizations work.
The service sector plays an important role in modern society. In developed economic countries it employs more people than in manufacturing.
Additional reading
Teenagers can also participate in economic activities. Those over the age of 14 have the right to get a job, engage in entrepreneurial activity. But only with the written consent of the parents or those who replace them.
Explain why teenagers can only do business with adult consent.
Production is only the beginning of economic relations. The product needs to reach the consumer. This happens through distribution and exchange.
Distribution, exchange and consumption
Distribution relations are those relations that people enter into in the process of paying taxes, receiving pensions, social benefits and subsidies, wage payments, etc.
For example, the distribution is as follows. The state collects taxes from citizens, enterprises and institutions, which are received in the state budget, as well as in special organizations - funds. There are, for example, the Pension Fund, the Fund health insurance. money out pension fund are paid to pensioners in the form of pensions (by the way, in Russia there are now 40 million pensioners out of 142.9 million inhabitants). Money from the Health Insurance Fund goes to hospitals and clinics. From this money, doctors, nurses, and other personnel receive wages; the use of electricity, water, etc. is paid; medicines, special medical equipment are bought.
Exchange relations include domestic and international trade. The subject of trade are, among other things, inventions, information, services. In the process of exchange, deals, agreements, contracts are concluded. Hiring a job, a person concludes an agreement with the enterprise: he exchanges his labor for an appropriate remuneration (salary).
The market dominates the sphere of exchange.
Exchange - purchase and sale of goods and services.
A market is a social mechanism that brings together buyers and sellers of a particular product or service.
The market is driven by two mechanisms - supply and demand. Supply - the desire and ability of sellers to supply goods to the market for sale.
Demand is the ability and willingness of consumers to buy goods.
Market - a place where goods are bought and sold at freely folding (market) prices. Markets are different: a small vegetable market, a large clothing or electronics store, a market valuable papers- shares, etc.
Thus, the market directly connects the producer with the consumer.
Finally, in the process of exchange, the commodity (computer, tractor, jeans, wheat, oil or gas, etc.) reaches the consumer.
Consumption - the use of material goods created in the production process to meet the needs of the population.
Thus, production is the beginning of the chain, and consumption is its end. A person consumes not only food or clothes (wearing them out), but also knowledge. Today they play such an important role that the modern economy has come to be called the knowledge economy.
The engine of the economy is money - the universal medium of exchange. That is, money is a commodity for which any other commodity can be exchanged.
The sale of a commodity is the exchange of it for money, and the purchase is the exchange of money for a commodity. The amount of money determines the desires, needs, interests of a person and much more.
Interesting Facts
Initially, the role of money among different peoples was played by various goods, for example: furs, grain, livestock, later - metals: silver, gold, copper, etc. Over time, they began to issue paper money. In the 20th century, the role of money began to be played not only by banknotes or coins, but also by checks and bank cards.
Summing up
In the economic sphere of society, the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of material goods and services necessary for the life of people takes place.
Basic terms and concepts
Economy, economic activity, production, distribution, exchange, consumption, wealth, market.
Test your knowledge
- Explain the meaning of the concepts: "economy", "economic activity", "production", "distribution", "exchange", "consumption", "market".
- What is the importance of the economy in the life of society? Show examples of how the economy serves people.
- Why is manufacturing considered the backbone of the economy?
- Name the main types of economic activity. What is the role of the service sector in modern economy? 5*. Do you think people get into economic relations as individuals or as representatives of large social groups? Explain your answer.
Test
"Economic sphere of society"
Based on materials educational portal"SOLVE OGE"
(https://soc-oge.sdamgia.ru)
1. Before the New Year holidays, the number of sellers of sweets, toys, souvenirs, and Christmas tree decorations increases sharply. This is the result
3) customer demand
4) competition
2. In country Z there is commodity production and money turnover. What additional information will allow us to conclude that the economy of country Z has a market character?
1) The state sets the wages of employees.
2) The Ministry of Finance decides how to use the profits.
3) Underage workers are provided with preferential working conditions.
4) The manufacturer independently determines what and how much to produce.
3. The economic sphere of society includes the relationship between
1) several nationalities living in one country
2) participants of exchange trading
3) teacher and students
4) former spouses
4. In market conditions, commodity prices
1) determined by supply and demand
2) are established by the state
3) determined by the central bank
4) installed by major manufacturers
5. Organization method economic life, mechanisms and principles for the distribution of limited resources to meet the needs of people are called
1) production costs
2) state budget
3) economic system
6. New Year holidays many citizens tend to meet outside the city, in rest houses, boarding houses. Even in the fall, many of them book tours. What economic phenomenon is manifested in this fact?
2) inflation
3) profit
4) offer
7. Are the following statements about money correct?
A. The price of a bun is 12 rubles. In this fact, such a function of money as a medium of exchange is manifested.
B. The main feature of money is their absolute illiquidity.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
8. The company has raised the price of its televisions, because in order to improve them
She purchased the qualities and used new technological lines. This situation directly illustrates
1) technological progress
2) rising inflation
3) falling demand
4) monopolization of the economy
9. Several manufacturers of household appliances simultaneously announced price cuts and various gift promotions to attract buyers. Which
economic phenomenon manifested itself in the actions of firms?
1) competition
3) deficit
4) inflation
10. Increasing the number of entrepreneurs specialized in installation and
maintenance of split systems and air conditioners, led to a decrease in the cost of services. This is the result
1) state regulation
2) price collusion of producers
3) technological progress
4) competition
11. In Germany in the 1920s, commodity prices increased almost every day. This fact is a direct manifestation
1) command economy crisis
2) growth of effective demand
3) commodity shortage
4) monetary inflation
12. Are the following judgments about regulatory mechanisms in market conditions correct?
A. One of the main regulators of a market economy is the ratio of supply and demand.
B. In market conditions, the price of a product is affected by its quality.
1) only A is true
2) only B is true
3) both statements are correct
4) both judgments are wrong
Answers:
Points:
5-7 - satisfactory
8-9 - good
10-12 - excellent
Thank you for your work!