Projects of houses with estimates. Projects of houses and the cost of their construction

The choice of foam blocks speaks of the desire of the owners to reasonable economy. But in order to fully realize the benefits of this decision, you need a properly calculated estimate for construction. Firstly, it will allow you to foresee future expenses and compare them with the accumulated amount. And secondly, a detailed list of materials will help you find a way to reduce the cost of building a house without compromising its reliability and appearance.

When you are planning to build a house, you first need to find a suitable project. Only if there is a scheme for future housing, you can choose the optimal location engineering systems, calculate the quantity and price of materials for the estimate, determine the order and timing of the work.

Take as an example the construction country house size 6x8 with a small terrace and a living attic. The figure shows a sample layout of a cottage made of foam blocks:

To simplify further calculations, it is convenient to divide the construction of a house into several main stages in order to find out for each the approximate quantity and cost of materials.

Walls

After studying the project with all the dimensions applied, it is already possible to determine the number of foam blocks and derive the approximate cost of building a “box” of a house.

Sample wall calculation:

1. According to the plan, determine the main dimensions of each surface and calculate the area of ​​the foam blocks (without openings).

blank wall8×3 = 24 m2
Wall with two windows in the living room and living room 860x1470 mm6×3-2×1.264 = 15.5 m2
Facade with window and doorway 1000x2070 mm8×3-1.264-2.07 = 20.7 m2
Wall with kitchen window6×3-1.264 = 16.7 m2
Two gables 2 m high with two windows 860x870 mm2×(2×6-0.75) = 22.5 m2
Total99.4 m2

Multiplying the result by the required thickness, we get the cubature of foam blocks measuring 600x300x200 mm:

  • 99.4 × 0.3 = 29.8 m3.

2. By the same principle, we determine the number of blocks for the construction of interior partitions. Here you can save a little due to the smaller thickness and take stones with dimensions of 600x300x100 for construction.

  • 36×0.1 = 3.6 m3.

3. The consumption of the adhesive mixture per cube of foam blocks varies significantly depending on the thickness of the seam. On average, you can build on the figure of 18 kg / m3.

4. Reinforcement is performed in every 4 rows of masonry. With a block height of 200 mm, the rods will be located at a distance of 80 cm. That is, for the construction of 3-meter walls from foam blocks, four horizontal armored belts will be needed.

Rental costs for each of them:

  • Bearing walls - rods d-8 with a total length of 2x28 m.
  • Partitions - 2x20.6 m.

In the estimate, it is necessary to take into account the overlaps of the reinforcement, which can significantly increase the consumption of rolled products, but everything will depend on the length of the available rods.

To strengthen window and door openings, you will need special U-shaped foam blocks. There are 8 jumpers in our example, plus 2 more above the attic windows. But since the special blocks are only 50 cm long, they will have to be stacked in a row of two. In total, 20 units will be required with internal reinforcement of 4 rods each (80 m). The diameter of the bars is determined by the actual loads, but d-6 or d-8 is usually enough.

Foundation erection

The foundation for a light house made of foam blocks, built on dense soil, will not be too expensive. A one-story building can even be installed on poles, if the ground allows, and for more difficult construction conditions, a monolithic reinforced concrete tape is suitable. As a sample, we include it in the estimate.

We accept the depth of 60 cm plus 40 of the basement, and the width of the tape will depend on the masonry method and the selected wall decoration. For a house made of foam blocks with a brick lining during the construction of half a stone, you need strip foundation half a meter thick. According to the project, its total length will be 48.6 m.

Consumption of materials for construction:

  • 195 m of reinforcement d-10 and 253 m of vertical jumpers d-8, plus 220 m of knitting wire.
  • Concrete M300 (it is better to specify the brand when calculating the weight of the building) - 24.3 m3.
  • Sand and gravel (2.5 m3 each) to form a cushion, wooden formwork.

All bulk goods must be ordered with a margin, as they are partially lost during unloading and during construction. Reinforcement is purchased taking into account the loss of footage at the overlaps.

Roof

A simple and neat option for building a house- Double pitched roof. Its entire frame will be made of lumber of various sizes that do not exert excessive load on the foam block:

1. Mauerlat 28 m - timber 150x150.

2. Skate 8 m - timber 120x150 mm.

3. Frame - taking into account the releases, you will need a 4-meter beam 50x150 mm with an installation step of about 1 m. That is, you will need to form at least 9 pairs of rafter legs (72 m or half a cube of forest).

4. Logs for the attic floor can be made from a beam of 100x150 mm, but you will have to look for 6-meter products. Their construction will require 0.7 m3.

5. Boards 30x100 mm for roof lathing and floor / ceiling installation on a wooden floor are calculated through the area of ​​\u200b\u200beach surface.

The arrangement of the insulating layer and the choice of roofing is at the discretion of the owners. We insulated our sample with mineral wool and a wind-moisture protective membrane over the entire area of ​​​​two slopes (64 m2); we will cover with metal tiles.

Finishing work

The most inaccurate point, due to which the estimate for building a house from foam blocks can increase one and a half times. Whether it is ordinary plaster or cladding with expensive facade bricks is not so important - only the appearance of the house depends on the final choice. The main thing is that the foam block is under the reliable protection of breathable and waterproof coatings.

On average, turnkey wall cladding, taking into account materials, will result in the following amounts:

  • decorative brick - 1100 r / m2;
  • siding - 820 r / m2;
  • plaster - from 380 r / m2.

If you do it yourself, you will only have to spend money on the purchase of the selected finish. However, these costs are not urgent. While the foam block house will stand after construction (6-9 months), the required amount can be saved. The same margin of time remains for ordering windows and doors, since it is better to make all measurements after settlement.

Cost calculation

Of course, an estimate for construction work requires a lot of experience and professionalism. But if you decide to build a house yourself, you do not need impeccable accuracy of calculations. It is enough to take into account the main expenditure items for your project and make obvious amendments:

Estimated itemRequired quantityUnit priceTotal, rubles
Box
Wall foam block33.4 m32 900 96 860
U blocks20 pcs.310 6 200
Glue for foam blocks600 kg (24 bags)210 5 040
Fittings d-8468 m16 7 490
Mineral wool 50 mm5 m32 400 12 000
Subfloor logs 100x1500.7 m35 000 3 500
Facing brick99.4 m2950 94 430
masonry mortar2 m32 400 4 800
Net100 m270 7 000
Foundation
Concrete24.5 m33 700 90 650
Armature, m

– wire

3 700
Ruberoid4 rolls280 4 120
Sand2.5 m3500 1 250
Roof
Bar, m30,63 5 000 13 800
Board 30x100, m34,8 5 500 26 400
Wind and moisture protection membrane1 roll1 460 1 460
Mineral wool, m36,5 2 000 13 000
metal tile64 m2320 20 480
Total417 990

The amount withdrawn by us takes into account only the most basic items of expenditure, but even it is not the minimum. Detailed estimate for the construction of a house from foam blocks includes many additional items, such as:

  • shipping cost;
  • fasteners, embedded and connecting parts;
  • obligatory stock for bulk and piece materials, solutions, fittings;
  • impregnation for wood;
  • sealing tapes and sealants;
  • insulation of the foundation and floors (if necessary);
  • summing up communications and turnkey finishing;
  • quotations for the services of contractor teams.

Separately, these items seem insignificant, but experienced estimators know that about 50% of the cost of basic materials is spent on such related costs.

Is it possible to save?

The main way to save right choice sizes of foam blocks for construction. In the central and northern regions, where the preservation of heat in the house depends on the thickness of the walls, it is better to use foam concrete blocks 600x200x300 mm. With this aspect ratio, they can be stacked different ways, changing the thickness of the box in increments of 10 cm. In this case, the number of stones will be as small as possible - without a margin, or rather, without overspending.

It will be possible to save on the cost of the blocks themselves only in one case, if you buy them directly from the manufacturer and in full. But trying to reduce the cost of building a house by purchasing cheap low-quality stones is not worth it. The associated costs to give the crooked masonry a normal look will “eat up” all the difference and may even exceed the estimate. Another important nuance- the choice of masonry mixture. Special formulations for foam blocks, only at first glance, the price will be more expensive than a conventional solution. In fact, their consumption is almost an order of magnitude lower, and such masonry retains heat better.

If you order an estimate from a contractor, it makes sense to contact several firms or use online calculators. Prices are different everywhere, so you can find the most affordable option for the money or adjust it at your discretion.

Building a house from aerated concrete is one of the most economical options private construction, based on low level cost of foam materials. But the construction of the box is only 30% of all work.

A huge part of the funds is directed to the installation of the roof and the finishing. It all depends on the complexity and intricacy of the project, the chosen type of foundation and roofing material, finishing works and progressivity of building materials, number of storeys, total area and other design features.

Estimate for the construction of a house made of aerated concrete 10x10

A house of 10x10 meters can be one-story, with an attic (f.1) or built on two floors (f.2). Such a structure freely accommodates a family of 4-6 people on its territory. Let's try not to miss any important points when forming an estimate for the construction of a 10x10 aerated concrete house. The erection of such a building must be divided into stages in which it is necessary to adhere to manufacturability and the time period for the “strength” of the foundation.

1. Site preparation and foundation

To perform this type of work, you need to select the type of foundation. Due to the lightness of the foam blocks, any type of base will do. The most acceptable is the tape or monolithic type of foundation with basement waterproofing (form 3.4).
The budget for the construction of the foundation consists of:

  • conducting exploratory studies of the terrain and soil;
  • territory planning with breakdown of axes;
  • holding earthworks(mechanized or manual digging of a ditch, arrangement of a sandy base with a rammer, a layer of crushed stone);
  • formwork installation;
  • erection of a belt of interlaced reinforcement;
  • pouring concrete.

Photo 1 - Tape type of foundation
Photo 2 - Foundation monolithic slab

Photo 3 - Cottage with attic
Photo 4 - Two-storey house aerated concrete

At the same time, the cost of renting formwork and the price of building materials are taken into account:

  • fittings of class A500 with a diameter of 12-16 mm and fittings d8mm for tying or knitting wire d6-8 mm;
  • concrete;
  • waterproofing;
  • sand, gravel.

When determining the cost of materials, it is necessary to take into account the cost of their delivery and, in some cases, unloading.

2. Frame erection

When drawing up an estimate for the construction of a 10x10 aerated concrete house, the cost of materials and work on their installation, delivery, unloading is taken into account. For the construction of the frame, the cost is calculated:

  • aerated concrete blocks;
  • glue;
  • laying of cellular aerated concrete;
  • materials for the installation of a reinforced belt or installation of columns;
  • metal for window lintels.

Recently, a popular construction technology is the device monolithic foundation connected together with corner columns or pylons. For a 10x10m house, the construction of 4 load-bearing columns will be sufficient. They are erected using special column formwork kits. A 10x10 house with a wall height of 3 meters will take up 10x4x3 = 120 sq.m of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bbearing walls, excluding openings for windows and a door. For construction, gas blocks with a density of D500 and a thickness of 375mm are suitable. For partition walls, blocks with a smaller thickness are taken. Knowing the block sizes offered by the best manufacturer, you can calculate the amount of material needed. The amount of glue is determined based on the manufacturer's recommendations.

Photo 5 - Cladding options
Photo 6 - Example total budget for the construction of a house of aerated concrete 10x10

Photo 7 - Sample estimate. Section 1. Foundation
Photo 8 - Sample estimate. Section 3. Walls and partitions

3. Installation of ceilings

To make the house strong and reliable, it is connected together by a frame. At the bottom, the structure is strengthened by the foundation, on the sides - by columns, and at the top - by a monolithic ceiling. This technology has justified itself and is now used in private, low-rise construction and in the construction of high-rise buildings and industrial facilities. When planning estimates for the construction of a 10x10 aerated concrete house, you should determine the cost of the floor, which includes:

  • formwork for floors;
  • fittings and knitting wire;
  • concrete;
  • insulation laid around the perimeter of the building.

An experienced team of builders will perform a monolithic vault quickly and efficiently.

4. Roof installation

The most responsible and costly stage is the installation of the roof. In connection with the chosen option of a hip, tent, multi-gable, domed roof, the cost of materials and components is taken into account. The main components in the estimate are the cost:

  • coating material (metal tile, slate, tile);
  • truss system;
  • accessories for a drain and other elements;
  • structures for chimneys, ventilation;
  • nails, screws.

Photo 9 - Sample estimate. Section 3. Walls and partitions
Photo 10 - Sample cost calculation. Section 4 Overlap

Photo 11 - Example of cost calculation. Section 5. Roofing
Photo 12 - Example of cost calculation. Section 6. Windows and blind area

5. Facing

Gas silicate blocks rapidly absorb moisture, therefore experts recommend not tightening the outer cladding of the building (form 5). It can be done with insulation and facing tiles. You can simply cover the house with plaster and paint. Therefore, the estimate for cladding includes the cost of:

  • external facing material;
  • internal plastering with wall and ceiling decoration;
  • floor devices;
  • windows, doors;
  • stairs.

Conclusion

The total amount of expenses received at each stage is called the total estimated cost. In practice, it is very difficult to "fit" into estimates. In order not to violate the general calculations, some builders reduce costs where technology allows, directing the necessary amounts to other areas. Sometimes it is necessary to increase the estimate in agreement with the customer. For clarity, we give an example of estimated estimates for some main sections during the construction of a one-story residential building with an attic with a total area of ​​120 sq.m. (f 6-11). The drawings are made on the basis of the information given.

Individual architectural and construction project (AS) (sections: AR + KR) - 350 rubles / m2 (from 35 thousand rubles) (according to the sketch and technical specifications)

When providing a sketch - the cost is calculated according to the total area of ​​the house (in case of significant alterations - the cost is calculated according to the dimensions of the building)

  • Prices for house projects:
  • Draft design (EP) - 200 rubles / sq.m (from 20 thousand rubles);
  • Architectural project (AP) - 250 rubles / sq.m (from 25 thousand rubles);
  • Architectural and construction project (AR + KR) - 350 rubles / sq.m (from 35 thousand rubles);
  • Engineering project (IR) - 200 rubles / sq.m (from 20 thousand rubles) (electrical, heating, water supply and sewerage) sections separately - 95 rubles / sq.m;
  • Estimate for building a house - 100 rubles / sq.m.
Additional services:
  • Additional copy of the project - 1000 rubles;
  • Scheme of the general plan for the development of the site - 2000 rubles;
  • Project Passport:
    • - for a project from the RuPlans website - 4000 rubles;
    • - for the project of our partners - 5000 rubles.
The cost of making changes to the project of the house, entailing the adjustment of space-planning and constructive solutions

The cost of making changes to the project of the house, which do not entail the adjustment of space-planning and design solutions - FREE OF CHARGE (except discounted projects and partner projects)

* Minor changes: adaptation of the project to the construction region: making changes to the foundation structure and wall materials, thermal engineering calculation of wall structures. Moving and/or resizing windows or doors. These changes do not affect the cost of the project (except for promotional projects and projects of our foreign partners)

** Average changes: redevelopment, relocation of partitions (non-bearing), remove / add a balcony, change the type of ceiling (without moving the walls), the height of the walls of the attic floor, the roof.

*** Significant changes: entailing a change in space-planning and design solutions - the transfer and shift of load-bearing walls.

Additional level ( ground floor or attic floor) to the "finished project" at the rate of 150 rubles / m2 (but not less than 5 thousand rubles per level) (if there are technical specifications and a sketch) (calculated according to the dimensions of the building)

Cost of services for additional development of visualizations of 3D views and facades
Complete set, degree of project development and restrictions depending on the chosen construction technology:
  1. Frame technology (wood, LSTK) ( in the basic version, the frame structure is not worked out!)
    • Refinement: development of the walls of the outer and inner, the implementation of the design of the frame structure, junction nodes. Difficulty: performing fitting racks, beams and rafters. Complication by 30%
    • Not performed: for houses with spans of more than 5.6 m on the long side between bearing walls, height of 1 floor is more than 3m, height of 2 floors is more than 2.7m
  2. House made of timber and logs ( in the basic version, the structure of the frame is not worked out, there is no layout of logs and specifications!)
    • Refinement: development of the walls of the outer and inner, the implementation of the design of the beam of the walls, the knots of the walls of the interface of the beam. Complication by 30%
    • Not performed: for houses with spans of more than 5.7 m along the long side between load-bearing walls, 1 floor height over 3 m, 2 floor height over 2.5 m
  3. Monolithic houses and ceilings (foundation, columns and ceilings) ( the application must be justified, because cost and complexity is often not appropriate).
    • It is not advisable to perform for houses with a small area and simple in configuration (2 floors of rectangular or square strictly one above the other without any protrusions, etc.)
    • Fully monolithic houses- complication by 30%

How many times have you heard bad stories from your friends about long deadlines, high additional costs and irresponsible builders?

Alas, the desire to get the minimum cost of construction for 1 m2 is also a very high risk of financial problems, both during the construction phase and throughout the life of the house.

Behind the very low price of building a house almost always lies one or more of the following problems:

  • Cost calculation square meter according to the external dimensions of the house, and not according to the total internal area of ​​​​the rooms.
  • Using the cheapest materials and / or low-skilled builders and installers.
  • Increase in the estimate during construction under various pretexts.
  • Gross non-compliance with building technological standards.
  • Sample project, which does not take into account your preferences and features of the site.
  • The need to eliminate the consequences of poor quality work. As a rule, for amounts several times greater than the initial savings.
  • Significantly shorter service life of the house and its elements.
  • Increase in operating costs, incl. and due to forced emergency repairs.
  • Loss in case of forced sale of the house.

For us, fulfillment of obligations, reliability and professionalism are more important than momentary profit. That's why we don't build brick houses at a price of 12,000-14,000 rubles/m2, which in the future will become for us a symbol of shame and disregard for the long-term interests of the Customer.

Instead of an adventuristically low price, we offer you a solution that allows you to save money without sacrificing quality - lean construction:

Over the years, we have developed a design and construction scheme that allows us to find the best individual solutions. This is achieved by developing an optimal, balanced combination of the following indicators for you:

  • cost of building a house
  • construction time,
  • comfort level of living in the house,
  • operating costs
  • stages of construction financing
Answer: During the construction of a multi-storey building, the quality department of the Developer and the State Construction Supervision Authority monitor compliance building codes and compliance with project documentation. When selling an apartment, its area is always equal to the sum of the areas of its rooms. When building a private house, rarely anyone controls the implementation of SNiPs, and this makes it possible to "save a lot" on the foundation, walls, roof, windows and floors. The smaller the volume of building materials used, the cheaper they are, the lower the labor intensity of construction and the lower the price per 1m2! And if, to calculate the price for 1 m2, we take not the total area of ​​​​the rooms, but the external dimensions of the building, i.e. the so-called construction area? Then the cost of 1 m2 is automatically reduced by another 25-30%, and the price of 12,000-13,000 rubles/m2 becomes the most attractive offer on the market! Share of same cost land plot in the price per 1m2 in an apartment of a multi-storey building, on average, about 15%.

The fact that any business must begin with calculations is known to every person. Get ready to paste wallpaper in the house - calculate what costs will be needed for wallpaper, glue, putty, painter's work. If you want to build a table with your own hands - calculate the cost of boards, screws, PVA glue.

When building a house, it is necessary to take into account all the construction stages and the costs of them. Such indicators are concentrated in the working draft in the section of the estimate documentation.

How to make an estimate for the construction of a house without loss and revision?

How to draw up an estimate for the construction of a house is known to designers-estimators, foremen, other categories of engineers and builders. Ordinary people who are not connected with construction work, but who started the construction of a dwelling. Their desire is clear: they do not want to overpay extra amounts. If a person is persistent and purposeful, it will not be difficult for him to carry out the calculations himself. Sample estimates for the construction of a house are widely presented on the Internet.

Estimated documentation is prepared on the basis of calculations, which presents items with indicators:

  • serial number;
  • numbers of estimates and calculations;
  • names of the construction stage;
  • the estimated cost, which consists of the cost of construction and installation works, the use of materials, and other expenses;
  • total estimated cost.

Estimated calculations signed by the compiler's management and the customer are considered money document, which is the basis for the actual performance of work, participation in the tender, etc.

When drawing up an estimate for the construction of a house, all important and secondary positions are taken into account. Sometimes it seems to the customer that the inclusion of a particular expense item is not necessary at all. But in the course of construction, unforeseen expenses unaccounted for in the documentation “loom”. The customer understands this and lays in the documentation 5-10% for unforeseen overhead costs. This may be funds aimed at obtaining permits from fire authorities, gas workers, electricians, water suppliers and other permitting authorities, or other types of expenses.






A sample estimate for the construction of a house made of wood covered with metal tiles

We will try and introduce you to a sample estimate for the construction of a house made of wood with an area of ​​150 sq.m

Object name: wooden house
Technology: log construction
Total area: 150 sq.m
General estimated cost: 1 million 630 thousand 244 rubles (1 630 244 rubles)
Base: project documentation, blueprints

  • 1. Carrying out geological and hydrogeological, topographic survey work on the site for the construction of a house (sq.m) 200x100 = 20,000 rubles
  • 2. earthworks removal of the humus layer of soil (cubic meters) 10х450=4500 rub
  • 3. Digging a trench under the foundation with a width of 600 mm (cubic meters)
    50х575=28 750 rub
  • 4. Manual trench leveling with soil compaction (m2)
    22х689=14 960 rub
  • 5. Backfilling of sand and gravel into the ditch (m3) 12x1200=14400.
    This also includes the cost of the material 12x600 = 7200
    Total for this position 14 400 +7200= 21600
  • 6. Installation, and after complete hardening, dismantling of the formwork (m2)
    60x100=6000;
    this also includes the cost of renting formwork 60x250=15000;
    total for this position 6000+15000= 21000



  • 7. Binding of longitudinal steel reinforcement D12 and transverse reinforcement D8 (m3). The consumption of 60 kg of rolled metal per 1 m3 of concrete is envisaged.
    Work 20x1800=36000;
    the need for fittings D12 and D8 20x60 = 1200 kg. If the price of reinforcement for 1 ton is 26,000 rubles, then the cost of the material is 1.2x2600 = 31200.
    Total for the 7th position 36000+31200= 67200
  • 8. Pouring concrete mixture 20x2500=50000;
    cost of concrete 20х5000=100 000
    The total cost of the 8th pos. 50000+100000=150000
  • 9. Waterproofing of vertical foundation walls (using hot bitumen applied twice) (m2) 80x150=12000
    Cost of materials 80х45=3600
    Total for the 9th position 12000+3600=15600
  • 10. Grinding logs with a plane (linear m) 572х66=37752
  • 11. Fine, 2-sided grinding of logs (m2) 572х400=228800
  • 12. Alignment of corners (pcs.) 8х1500=12000
  • 13. Rolled logs (pcs.) 2х1500=3000
  • 14. Carrying out works on decontamination of logs with special solutions (lin.m) 580x15=8700
    cost of septic tanks 580х20=11600
    Total 8700+11600=20300
  • 15. Installation of a log house on the foundation (m2) 150x550=82500;
    materials 150x1500=225000;
    total for the 15th pos. 82500+225000=307500
  • 16. Double-sided curling of tow, (linear meters) 572x50 = 28600;
    material 572x3=1716;
    total for the 16th pos. 28600+1716=30316
  • 17. Double-sided caulking of a log house, (linear m) 572x140=80080;
    material 572x3=1716;
    total for the 17th pos. 80080+1716=81796
  • 18. Cutting window and door openings, installation of windows and doors (pcs.)
  • 14x2000=28000;
    material 14x2500=35000;
    total for the 18th pos. 28000+ 35000=63000
  • 19. Installation of beams, installation of ceilings, subflooring (m2)
    128x80=10240;
    materials 5522.38x6.7=37000;
    total for the 19th pos. 10240+ 37000=47240
  • 20. Clapboard lining of walls, ceiling, roof, finishing flooring (m2) 390х325=126750
    materials 7586.2x5.8=44000
    only on the 20th pos. 126750+44000=170750
  • 21. Coloring (m2) 144х50=7200;
    paint and other materials 144x70=10080;
    total 7200+10080=17280
  • 22. Assembly of the roof with the installation of the lathing (m2) 135x750=101250;
    materials 5400x2.5 = 13500;
    total 101250+13500=114750
  • 23. Installation of metal tiles (m2) 135x300=40500;
    the cost of metal tiles and fasteners 135x350=47250;
    total 40500+47250=87750
  • 24. Finishing the plinth with stone (m2) 22x2200 = 48400;
  • 25. Installation of entrance metal doors, 2 sets (m2) 2х3500=7000;
    material 2x4500=9000;
    total for the 25th pos. 7000+9000=16000

Total estimated: 1 630 244 rubles
including:

  • - for materials: 592,862 rubles
  • - for the performance of work: 1 037382 rubles

As you can see, compose approximate estimate building a house is not very difficult if you know the consumption of materials, standard prices and current prices. The article also provides a sample estimate for a residential building made of gas blocks (see fig.).

Conclusion

Each person can calculate the cost of construction. But experts do it more skillfully and competently. Sometimes they overestimate the amounts for individual items. In order to adjust the indicators, the owners themselves can perform the calculations or turn to the help of other organizations.