Construction of the science city Tsiolkovsky near the Vostochny cosmodrome
The scale of construction of facilities for the Russian Ministry of Defense has reached the level of the post-war period. In the interests of the department, about 2 thousand objects are being built; in 2016, 2.5 thousand buildings were built. Timur Ivanov, Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, told Kommersant about this. He specified that "these are radar stations, hydraulic structures, airfields, medical facilities, residential buildings, schools and kindergartens, cadet schools, military camps, training grounds and moorings.
total area facilities is 2.7 million square meters. m. The accelerating pace of construction is 18% higher than in 2015 and more than 10 times the period of 2010-2012, when only 210 objects were put into operation. Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu spoke about plans for military development and the creation of the necessary infrastructure for the army at the final board of the defense department in December 2016.
According to him, on this moment the total need of the army for infrastructure facilities, taking into account the depreciation of funds, is 30 million square meters. m. In 2017, it is planned to put into operation 3290 buildings and structures.
As noted in the military department, the use modern technologies twice allowed to reduce the construction time of shelters for equipment and objects of the barracks and housing stock and to achieve the cost of construction of 1 square. m of objects of the Ministry of Defense, not exceeding 30 thousand rubles, which is lower than in the country as a whole.
The measures taken in the development of the military construction complex made it possible to synchronize the creation of infrastructure with the timing of the weapons and military equipment entering the troops
Sergei Shoigu
Minister of Defense of Russia
WEAPON BASES
Naval base in Vilyuchinsk
In Vilyuchinsk, Kamchatka, a number of the most important objects of the mooring front and coastal engineering infrastructure were commissioned by the arrival of the first Borey-class nuclear submarines.
Currently, the fleet has three Project 955 submarines. In total, by 2021, it is planned to build eight such missile carriers, five of which are the upgraded Project 955A. In December 2016, the eighth submarine of this project was laid down at Sevmash.
In the south of the country in Novorossiysk, a mooring front for Project 636 submarines has been built. These are the latest diesel-electric submarines of the Varshavyanka type. Six submarines are already serving in the Black Sea Fleet.
The construction of military camps of two missile brigades equipped with Iskander-M operational-tactical missile systems has been completed in the Southern Military District. The arrangement of the missile brigade in Shuya (Ivanovo region) has also been completed. In 2016, the Ground Forces received two brigade sets of this complex.
The infrastructure facilities of the first regiments of the Strategic Missile Forces, equipped with Yars mobile and stationary missile systems, were put into operation. In 2016, 23 mobile complexes were delivered to the regiments of the Strategic Missile Forces in Teikovo, Nizhny Tagil and Novosibirsk. In 2017, mobile and silo Yarsy will also continue to be delivered to the Kozelsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Novosibirsk and Irkutsk missile formations.
ARCTIC
The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is developing the Arctic territories in a comprehensive manner. By the end of 2017, more than 100 infrastructure facilities will be built. The objects to be handed over are located on the territory of the Arctic military bases deployed on Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Sredny and Kotelny Islands, Cape Schmidt, Wrangel Island.
On the island of Alexandra Land (the Franz Josef Land archipelago), more than 30 facilities will be built by the end of the year, including the Nagurskoye airfield. At present, the builders have cleared the site and arranged temporary roads. After the modernization is completed, the airfield will be able to receive most types of military transport aircraft all year round.
As noted in the military department, "construction of the Arctic Shamrock administrative and residential complex is underway here, which is the only facility in the world capital construction erected at 80 degrees north latitude".
In the village of Rogachevo (Novaya Zemlya archipelago), construction of technical positions and social infrastructure, as well as an airfield is underway.
At Cape Schmidt (Chukotsky autonomous region) by the end of the year it is planned to commission more than 30 objects of military and social infrastructure. The construction of stationary facilities of the radar department and the aviation guidance point is ongoing.
About 30 more capital construction projects will be handed over to the end current year on Wrangel Island.
A number of facilities to be commissioned in 2017 are located on Sredny Island (Severnaya Zemlya archipelago).
In 2016, as part of the environmental cleanup of the Arctic, Russian army units collected 6,054 tons of scrap metal, of which 4,778 tons were taken to the mainland. The total area of the cleared territory was 161 hectares.
Construction in the Arctic is a unique project in terms of organization of logistics, delivery, construction and installation works. For the first time in modern Russia such a large-scale work is carried out in the conditions Far North
Timur Ivanov
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation
According to the Ministry of Defense, today at the design stage and at the stage preparatory work- creation and modernization of a number of airfields in the Arctic zone, such as Tiksi, Anadyr, Vorkuta, Temp and others. Work on the arrangement of units of the Ministry of Defense in the Arctic will continue until 2020.
KURIL
View of the runway from the slope of the volcano on the island of Matua
On Kuril Islands Iturup and Kunashir are building a number of new military facilities, as well as social infrastructure: hostels for military personnel, cultural, leisure and sports centers. The total construction area reaches 400 thousand square meters. m, in total it is planned to build 392 buildings and structures.
In 2016, together with the Russian Geographical Society, the military conducted an expedition to the islands of Matua and Paramushir (included in the Kuriles), during which they studied the possibility of deploying troops there. The participants surveyed the runway of the island, deployed mobile airfield complexes and equipment to ensure the movement of aircraft.
As part of the planned strengthening of the eastern borders, the Russian military leadership intends to create a new base for the Pacific Fleet forces on the island.
BALTIKA
Baltic naval base
In the interests of the Baltic Fleet, it is planned to build barracks and canteens in the military towns of Sovetsk and Baltiysk, as well as tent mobile shelters for weapons in the park areas of the military towns of Chernyakhovsk and the village of Donskoye.
According to the plan, the reconstruction of the fleet base in Baltiysk is underway. Work on the berthing complex began in 2012 after an engineering survey revealed the emergency condition of the facilities that had been used for 60 years without proper maintenance.
It is expected that as a result of the reconstruction, the base of the fleet will be re-created, capable of providing parking and maintenance of the most modern ships entering service at the present time and in the future.
In total, as part of the further development of the Baltic naval base, a wide scope of work is envisaged for the period up to 2020.
THE ROAD BYPASSING UKRAINE
Railway Troops continue to build a section of the railway Zhuravka - Millerovo bypassing Ukraine. earth bed roads are ready. The scope of work amounted to 9 million cubic meters. m. Laid 23 km of the railway track out of 84. It is planned to complete the construction before September 2017.
Thus, the task set by the President of Russia for the construction of the railway by the Railway Troops and Russian Railways will be completed ahead of schedule, more than a year before the deadline
Dmitry Bulgakov
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, General of the Army
Earlier, Bulgakov reported that the railway bypassing Ukraine would start operating on August 15, 2017. According to him, six new stations will be built on the site and two existing ones will be reconstructed.
MILITARY HOUSING
Since the beginning of 2016, the Ministry of Defense has switched to a planned mode of providing permanent housing. High rates of provision of servicemen with service housing are also being maintained. In 2016, 28,500 people received apartments. In addition to specialized housing stock The Ministry of Defense included 12,100 dwellings.
According to the military department, taking into account decisions taken to increase the amount of compensation for sublease to the real level, the problem of service housing has been solved.
As Deputy Defense Minister Timur Ivanov told Kommersant, in 2017 the remaining residential buildings in Moscow will be transferred for settlement - more than 8 thousand apartments. This will provide a solution to the problem for 85% of the servicemen who have chosen Moscow as their place of residence.
The remaining military personnel waiting for an apartment in the capital will be provided by obtaining housing subsidy. In 2017–2019, she federal budget the allocation of 37.78 billion annually is envisaged.
MILITARY SCHOOLS
In 2016, the Tula Suvorov Military School was rebuilt from scratch in just five months. Erected in the south-east of the city by the forces of Oboronstroy and the Main Department of Arrangement, on September 1, it received 240 Suvorov students of the fifth, sixth and seventh grades.
The decision to recreate the school was made in March last year by Russian President Vladimir Putin. It is expected that after the completion of all stages of construction, about 560 children will live and study in it.
The construction of the Petrozavodsk Presidential Cadet School has begun. The work is carried out on their own, in the amount of about 30 thousand people. The cost of the entire complex of works to create the school is 4.1 billion rubles.
The decision to create it was taken by the President of the Russian Federation at the suggestion State Commission in preparation for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the formation of Karelia. The place was chosen in the military camp No. 6, located on Komsomolsky Prospekt in Petrozavodsk. In September of this year, the school should open its doors to new students.
According to the Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Timur Ivanov, the creation of such educational institutions and the revival of the glorious traditions of cadetism is a priority strategic task for the Ministry of Defense.
We have experience in building such facilities in a short time. In just four months, two schools were built: in Sevastopol and Kyzyl. In 2016, the Suvorov School in Tula was built in the same period, so we are sure that in 2017 the first 360 pupils will begin their studies.
Timur Ivanov
Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation
COSMODROME VOSTOCHNY
The Vostochny Cosmodrome is the first Russian civil cosmodrome located in the Amur Region near the future Tsiolkovsky Science City. The construction, which began in 2012, took less than four years: in April 2016, the first successful launch was made from the cosmodrome with the launch of three satellites into orbit. Construction of the second stage of the Vostochny is planned for 2017.
In December 2016, it became known about the abolition of Spetsstroy of Russia. Instead, eight federal state unitary enterprises will be created, which will build only special facilities of the RF Ministry of Defense. The reason for the liquidation was the numerous claims of customers and authorities to the deadlines for the execution of work and financial discipline subordinated to the FSUE agency, in particular, dissatisfaction was caused by a large number of violations at the construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome.
The Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Center for the Operation of Ground-Based Space Infrastructure" (TsENKI) will complete the construction of the launch and technical complexes, as well as water intake facilities to support launches from the Vostochny cosmodrome in 2017. TsENKI has already concluded eight contracts with subcontractors.
WESTERN POLYGONS
A large-scale reconstruction of training grounds has begun in the Western Military District. Formations and military units in Leningrad region will receive updated tank directors and military shooting ranges, and the training grounds of the Nizhny Novgorod and Voronezh regions will receive new tankodromes.
Military shooting ranges and tank directors will be equipped with tactical kits for creating a remotely controlled target environment and computer simulators for simulating any combat training situations.
As the military assures, "the new tankodromes will meet modern requirements for the training of tank drivers of various modifications," and the reconstruction of training grounds and the construction of new facilities will significantly reduce the training time for specialists and the combat interaction of units.
AERODROME IN AKHTUBINSK
The Main Directorate for the Construction of Roads and Airfields signed a contract for the second stage of the reconstruction of the Akhtubinsk airfield in the Astrakhan region. The State Flight Test Center named after Valery Chkalov is based at this airfield.
The construction of new facilities at this airfield is planned to be even more ambitious: several specialized sites, buildings, heating, sewerage, and power supply systems. It is planned to build a network highways and other objects.
MOUNTAIN ROADS
Troops of the Southern Military District will build eight mountain crossings in Chechnya and Ingushetia this year to develop tourism. They will be used for delivery. building materials in the highlands, where tourist zones will be created.
Crossings are built through mountain streams and rivers, which do not allow climbing mountain plateaus. We are planning five transitions in Chechen Republic and three crossings in Ingushetia. This will allow organizations of the republics to enter construction sites in hard-to-reach areas at an altitude of up to 2.6 thousand meters, where the construction of mountain tourism clusters will be deployed
Konstantin Smeshko
Chief of Engineering Troops of the Southern Military District, Major General
According to him Smeshko, construction has already begun in some areas. In some cases, the military uses pack animals - horses and donkeys - to deliver materials and food. After construction, these crossings will be handed over to civil organizations.
Introduction to work
The current state of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and the trends in their development are under the influence of the military reform being carried out in the country. The main goal of which is to create a new model for the replacement of the military organization of the state with the economy, politics and society. The result of the reforms being carried out should be the creation of a unified, effective military organization of the state, corresponding to modern geostrategic ones. socio-political, economic and military-technical realities, as well as the tasks of guaranteeing the defense and military security of the Russian Federation. At the same time, the principle of achieving the maximum efficiency of a military organization with the minimum allowable financial and material costs" .
Military reform set the task of satisfying the economic and economic needs of the Armed Forces in a new way. A special place in the solution of these problems belongs to the military construction complex (ALL. Being an integral part military economy of the state, at the same time it forms the basis of the production sector of the economy of the Armed Forces and is designed to maintain high combat readiness of troops and ensure the security of the state. His activities are inextricably linked with the overall process of the functioning of the economy of our state and the reform of the Armed Forces (AF) of the Russian Federation (RF).
Taking into account the peculiarities of the current period, characterized by the development of new relations in the country's economy, including in the construction industry, the changed nature of the tasks solved by the Ministry of Defense, the need to adapt to the conditions of a tough budget policy, determine the objective necessity and need for the theoretical development of the conceptual foundations for reforming the military construction complex and determining the main directions for increasing its economic efficiency.
Thus, The relevance of research This issue is due to a number of factors:
First, radical changes in the nature of the tasks facing the military construction complex in connection with the reform of the Armed Forces predetermine the need to develop the conceptual foundations of a new economic and military-technical policy in the construction of military infrastructure facilities.
See: Basic document of military construction. Independent military review. - 1998, TO" 6, p.4.
Secondly, in the context of the crisis in the development of the economy, the state's approaches to investment and financial-credit policy in general and in relation to the military-strong complex in particular have changed radically.
Thirdly, the reform of the military construction complex requires a thorough military-economic analysis of the measures being taken to carry out its structural transformations, in accordance with the new principles of organizational development of the Armed Forces.
Fourth, with the transition to market system relation! objectively, there is a need for theoretical development and improved methods for assessing the economic efficiency of enterprises and organizations of the military construction complex.
Fifthly, the process of reforming the Armed Forces, in a new way, raised questions related to improving the social infrastructure of the army and navy, equipping troops in places of deployment, housing problem retired and retired servicemen and others.
The theoretical understanding of the economic problems of the development of the construction complex of the Armed Forces, due to their special significance, has always been the subject of close attention of scientists. A special place in this is occupied by the works of military authors.
Ayaisimov A.Ye. A systematic approach to the problem of providing housing for servicemen. In: Some scientific and technical problems of military construction science.-M.: MO RF, 1996; Bulanov A.I., Andreev L.S., Borisov O.A. , etc. Economics of capital construction of the Ministry of Defense of the USSR. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1988; Gerasimenko I.I. Study of methods for improving the structure of the administrative apparatus of the construction complex of the military district. Diss... cand. those. Sciences. - L .: LVVISU, 1989, (chipboard);
Gordeev I.A. Problems of pricing and construction efficiency. In: Materials of the meeting of the section "Economics, organization and management of construction in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation." - M: MO RF, 1995; Gulis A.F. On Improving the Efficiency of Capital Construction in the Ministry of Defense in Conditions of Improvement economic mechanism. Thematic scientific collection. - M.: Military Publishing, 1982; Dyshkant I.D. Economics of capital construction in the Ministry of Defense. - M.: VFEF, 1995; Isaev V.V. The state and main directions of improving the organizational structure of capital construction management in the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. In: Organizational and scientific and technical problems of improving and reforming the capital construction of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. - M .: MO RF. 1996; Kirisyuk G.M., Lakhovsky B.C. Lending to self-supporting construction organizations of the Ministry of Defense. -M: Military Publishing House, 1993; Pavkzhov GL. Features of determining the cost construction works military construction organizations in the transition to a market economy. In: Problems of Economics and Management in the Construction of Infrastructure Facilities of the Armed Forces and Ways to Solve Them. - M.: MO RF, 1997; Solomatin A.V. Problems housing construction in the army: solutions. - MO RF, 1995; Khrustalev E.Yu., Annenkov A.P., Batkovsky A.M. Ways to solve the problem of investing in
Paying tribute to the authors of the above works, it should be noted that they are more:! The degrees are connected with the analysis of specific areas of activity of the units of the military-construction complex: financial and economic. production-technological, organizational-) managerial and others.
Relevance, lack of scientific elaboration and without\"slightly practical significance of nseled\emoі"і problems and determined the choice of the subject of research.
Preomgtom Iselgovankya is a zoenno-stroptelnіp complex of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation and the problems of increasing its effectiveness. 3) conditions for reforming the Armed Forces.
The purpose of this work is a comprehensive study of the problem of increasing the efficiency of the military construction complex 3 modern conditions.
In accordance with the stated goal in Oissgrtaiii solved elgouyuschie zaoachi:
analysis of the state and features of the development of enterprises of the military construction complex of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in modern conditions:
theoretical substantiation and clarification of the categories "military construction complex" and ""social infrastructure of the Armed Forces"";
analysis state of the art military infrastructure of the state and determination of measures for its creation and improvement;
theoretical analysis of improving the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of the activities of enterprises of the construction complex of the Armed Forces;
economic analysis of the optimization of management bodies and the development of a list of the main measures to improve the organizational structure of the VSK;
study of the most acceptable organizational and legal forms of military construction projects in the context of the transition to a market economy;
economic analysis the state of the housing problem in the Armed Forces and the definition of possible conceptual approaches to its solution.
The general theoretical and methodological basis of the study are: methods economic theory, system and military-economic analysis, operations research, "methods of optimal decision-making.
housing construction of the Ministry of Defense. - Military Thought. - 1997, L 1. Shatunov V.I. Economics, organization and planning of capital construction in the Ministry of Defense. - M.: VFEF, 1984; Shcherbak V.P., Savchenko B.F. Capital construction finance in the Ministry of Defense. - M.: VFEF, 1980.
The empirical basis of the dissertation was:! specific jonomico-etatpeticheekpe data, materials of nachchno-georeticheekph. practical and military-scientific conferences, some data from periodicals. At the development of the regulations "! of the dissertation, separate documents of the Government bodies and the establishment of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation were also used.
Scientific novelty is to solve the problems of dissertation research and consists of the following:
in analysis modern features the state and development of the military-strong complex and the determination of possible directions of economic development and military-technical policy for the creation and improvement of the military infrastructure of the state:
in the theoretical justification and clarification of the categories "military construction complex" and "social infrastructure of the Armed Forces":
in determining possible directions for improving the economic efficiency of the enterprises of the construction complex Armed Sip:
in substantiating possible approaches to investing in housing construction in a transitional economy and improving the system for providing servicemen with service housing.
Based on the results of the study, the following provisions are made for defense:
The results of the analysis of the current state and prospects for the development of the military construction complex.
Substantiation of the priority directions of the economic and military-technical policy for the creation and improvement of the military infrastructure of the state.
The main directions for improving the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of enterprises in the construction complex of the Armed Forces.
Conclusions and proposals for improving the organizational structure of the military construction complex.
Proposals for improving housing construction in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.
The practical significance of the work lies in the fact that the problems studied by the author made it possible to draw a number of specific conclusions and practical advice which can be used by those interested government bodies and the leadership of the Ministry of Defense, on the optimal use of budgetary and
extrabudgetary funds. in order to increase the economic efficiency of the measures taken to reform the military-construction complex of the Armed Forces.
Along with this, the materials of the dissertation research can be used in the course of teaching military economics, other specialized disciplines in higher military educational institutions of the Ministry of Defense, as well as other power departments of Russia.
The proposals and recommendations of the dissertation research were used in the preparation normative documents to develop a program for reforming the construction complex of the Armed Forces. The author himself participated in the implementation of a number of research projects carried out by the Ministry of Defense on specialized issues.
Approbation of the study. The main provisions of the dissertation work were presented in reports at scientific and practical conferences held by the branch research institute and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. The total volume of publications on the topic is more than 5 pp.
Structure of the oiesgration Introduction. Chapter 1. The state and features of the functioning of the military construction complex in modern conditions. 1.1. Military construction complex and economic problems its development. 1.2. Improving the methodology for assessing the economic efficiency of enterprises in the field of military construction. Chapter 2. The main directions of increasing the economic efficiency of the military construction complex. 2.1. Optimization of the governing bodies and the organ structure of the construction complex of the Ministry of Defense. 2.2. Economic problems of housing construction in the Armed Forces and possible solutions. Conclusion. Bibliographic list of used literature. Applications.
Keeping in mind the power and combat readiness of the current Russian army, it is necessary to note the increased responsibility of the Ministry of Defense for organizing the rear. The Ministry of Defense pays great attention to the true revival of its military construction complex in the context of the tasks set by the Supreme Commander-in-Chief.
“The measures taken in the development of the military construction complex made it possible to achieve synchronization of the creation of infrastructure with the timing of the weapons and military equipment entering the troops” - this is a quote from the speech of the Minister of Defense of Russia, General of the Army Sergei Shoigu at the last meeting of the collegium of the military department.
Skeptics claim that the "amusing troops" of bad memory - colloquially "construction battalion" - are returning.
Among the people there are many anecdotes, myths and legends associated with construction troops. This was mainly due to the specifics of the formation of personnel - about 90% of the military personnel of these troops were conscripts from Central Asia and the Caucasus. Therefore, the bulk of Russian young people tried to avoid service in the construction battalion units. After all, even then, from time to time, the question arose concerning tense international relations, only this was not put on display.
But despite this attitude, the military construction teams (VSO) carried out quite serious tasks, erecting objects of both defense significance and the national economy.
It should be added that the military construction complex of the USSR Ministry of Defense is directly and directly connected with the engineering troops, whose duties have always included the construction of various fortifications and special-purpose facilities.
The construction battalion took over 70% of the tasks that had previously been performed by units of the engineering troops. This is a historical fact. And the author of this publication has repeatedly written about this. Therefore, we will not repeat ourselves, but only limit ourselves to questions of the subject of the essay.
What is the Military Construction Complex of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation
The Military Construction Complex of the Ministry of Defense (VSK MO RF) is already today a national leader in the construction of special, strategic and socially significant facilities of the Russian Ministry of Defense.
The Supreme Commander-in-Chief assigned the following tasks to the VSK of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation - on their own and with the involvement of reliable partners, to conduct effective activities in the interests of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation in the following areas:
- creation of special, conceptual, standard projects of military and civil facilities, taking into account engineering and transport infrastructure, climatic and geographical features of the area;
- turnkey construction of any buildings, complexes and special military structures;
- creation of a modern infrastructure and a well-maintained environment for the facilities under construction, their full equipping with new, high-tech equipment in accordance with their intended purpose;
- operation of residential and housing-barracks funds.
The activities of the VSK MO RV pursue the following goals:
- Creation of professional human resources and production and industrial base for the implementation of any projects in the shortest possible time on their own.
- Improving results in all areas of activity due to: cost reduction, control of work performed, renewal of fixed assets, anti-corruption policy, attraction of investments, introduction of modern management methods.
- Development and implementation of innovative technologies.
- Environmental safety of facilities and compliance with environmental protection rules.
The Military Construction Complex of the Ministry of Defense of Russia includes military administration bodies, as well as enterprises and organizations different forms property that act in the interests of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation throughout the country.
The primary goal is housing for military personnel
Since the beginning of 2016, the Ministry of Defense has switched to a planned mode of providing permanent housing. High rates of provision of servicemen with service housing are also being maintained. In 2016, 28,500 people received apartments. Additionally, 12,100 residential premises are included in the specialized housing fund of the Ministry of Defense.
Based on the results of 2017, the acute painful issue of housing for servicemen and military pensioners is approaching its solution. Since 2012, 142,500 military personnel have received service housing through the Ministry of Defense, and taking into account their family members, this is more than half a million people.
In 2017, the remaining residential buildings in Moscow were handed over for settlement - more than 8 thousand apartments. This will provide a solution to the problem for 85% of the servicemen who have chosen Moscow as their place of residence.
The remaining military personnel waiting for an apartment in the capital will be provided through a housing subsidy. In 2017-2019, the federal budget provides for the allocation of 37.78 billion annually for it.
Our trains do not run on foreign territory - the construction of the railway bypassing Ukraine has been completed.
Until mid-December 2017, a small section of the railway connecting Moscow with Adler passed through the territory of Ukraine. The length of the section is 37 km, the railway station Zorinovka is located on it.
In 2010, a project was considered for the construction of a railway line: Prokhorovka - Zhuravka - Chertkovo - Bataysk, bypassing Ukraine with a length of 748 km, which was supposed to increase the capacity of railways in the direction of the Center - South.
As a result, in 2015, a variant with a length of 137.5 km was approved, which allows moving the highway away from the state border without significantly lengthening the path.
New stations were built on the new section of the highway. One of which (Zaitsevka station) is located in the Voronezh region, the remaining six (Sergeevka station, Sokhranovka station, Kuteynikovo station, Vinogradovka station, Kolodezi station and Bochenkovo station) are in the Rostov region. A bridge was also built across the Belaya Kalitva River.
On November 15, 2017, regular passenger train traffic began on the Zhuravka-Millerovo section built around Ukraine.
By December 10, 2017, the transfer of all passenger train routes to regular traffic on the new railway around Ukraine.
On December 11, 2017, all Russian passenger and freight trains switched to the new railway line Zhuravka - Millerovo, bypassing Ukraine.
After that, only 2 pairs of electric trains run from Chertkovo station per day Chertkovo - Glubokaya - Rostov-on-Don.
It was reported that the new branch, which is 137 kilometers long, will serve 62 pairs of passenger and 30 pairs of freight trains.
“Thus, the task set by the President of Russia to build a railway by the Railway Troops and Russian Railways was completed ahead of schedule, more than a year before the deadline,” reports General of the Army Dmitry Bulgakov, Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.
Construction of the second stage of the Vostochny cosmodrome
The Vostochny Cosmodrome is the first Russian civil cosmodrome located in the Amur Region near the future Tsiolkovsky Science City.
The construction, which began in 2012, took less than four years: in April 2016, the first successful launch was made from the cosmodrome with the launch of three satellites into orbit. Construction of the second stage of the Vostochny is planned for 2017.
In December 2016, it became known about the abolition of Spetsstroy of Russia. Instead, eight federal state unitary enterprises will be created, which will build only special facilities of the RF Ministry of Defense. The reason for the liquidation was the numerous claims of customers and authorities to the deadlines for the execution of work and financial discipline subordinated to the FSUE agency, in particular, dissatisfaction was caused by a large number of violations at the construction of the Vostochny cosmodrome.
The Federal State Unitary Enterprise Center for the Operation of Ground-Based Space Infrastructure Facilities (TsENKI) will complete the construction of the launch and technical complexes, as well as water intake facilities to support launches from the Vostochny cosmodrome in 2018. TsENKI has already concluded eight contracts with subcontractors.
Strengthening the Arctic borders
The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation is developing the Arctic territories in a comprehensive manner. By 2018, more than 100 infrastructure facilities will be built. The objects to be handed over are located on the territory of the Arctic military bases deployed on Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Sredny and Kotelny Islands, Cape Schmidt, Wrangel Island.
“Construction in the Arctic is a unique project in terms of organization of logistics, delivery, construction and installation works. For the first time in the history of modern Russia, such large-scale work is being carried out in the conditions of the Far North, ”says Timur Ivanov, Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation.
On the island of Alexandra Land (the Franz Josef Land archipelago), more than 30 facilities will be built by the end of 2017, including the Nagurskoye airfield. At present, the builders have cleared the site and arranged temporary roads. After the modernization is completed, the airfield will be able to receive most types of military transport aircraft all year round.
As noted in the military department, “construction of an administrative and residential complex is underway here "Arctic Shamrock", which is the only capital construction facility in the world being built at 80 degrees north latitude.
In the village of Rogachevo (Novaya Zemlya archipelago), construction of technical positions and social infrastructure, as well as an airfield is underway.
At Cape Schmidt (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug), more than 30 military and social infrastructure facilities are planned to be commissioned by the end of the year. The construction of stationary facilities of the radar department and the aviation guidance point is ongoing.
About 30 more capital construction projects will be commissioned by the end of this year on Wrangel Island.
A number of facilities to be commissioned in 2017 are located on Sredny Island (Severnaya Zemlya archipelago).
In 2017, as part of the environmental cleanup of the Arctic, Russian army units collected 6,054 tons of scrap metal, of which 4,778 tons were taken to the mainland. The total area of the cleared territory was 161 hectares.
According to the Ministry of Defense, today at the design stage and at the stage of preparatory work is the creation and modernization of a number of airfields in the Arctic zone, such as Tiksi, Anadyr, Vorkuta, Temp and others. Work on the arrangement of units of the Ministry of Defense in the Arctic will continue until 2020.
Arrangement of naval bases
In Vilyuchinsk in Kamchatka, a number of the most important objects of the berthing front and coastal engineering infrastructure were commissioned by the arrival of the first Borey-class nuclear submarines.
Currently, the fleet has three Project 955 submarines. In total, by 2021, it is planned to build eight such missile carriers, five of which are the upgraded Project 955A. In December 2016, the eighth submarine of this project was laid down at Sevmash.
In the south of the country in Novorossiysk, a mooring front for Project 636 submarines was built. These are the latest diesel-electric submarines of the Varshavyanka type. Six submarines are already serving in the Black Sea Fleet.
Fleet Commander Admiral S.V. Vitko noted that the total length of the protective structures already erected is almost 2.5 km, construction is being carried out at depths of up to 27 meters. According to him, these structures are among the top five largest hydrotechnical facilities in the world in terms of length and depth.
In addition, in the Novorossiysk port construction in progress building headquarters of the Novorossiysk naval base.
In the interests of the Baltic Fleet, it is planned to build barracks and canteens in the military towns of Sovetsk and Baltiysk, as well as tent mobile shelters for weapons in the park areas of the military towns of Chernyakhovsk and the village of Donskoye.
According to the plan, the reconstruction of the fleet base in Baltiysk is underway. Work on the berthing complex began in 2012 after an engineering survey revealed the emergency condition of the facilities that had been used for 60 years without proper maintenance.
It is expected that as a result of the reconstruction, the base of the fleet will be re-created, capable of providing parking and maintenance of the most modern ships entering service at the present time and in the future. In total, as part of the further development of the Baltic naval base, a wide scope of work is envisaged for the period up to 2020.
Crimea is ours. Large-scale arrangement of military facilities
“Total on the territory of the Crimean federal district During the year, 23 new facilities were put into operation, including 25 buildings and structures, construction and installation work is underway at nine more facilities,” commented S.V., Commander of the Black Sea Fleet. Vitko.
Vitko explained that the infrastructure of the majority inherited from the former authorities of the peninsula military units“did not even meet the minimum requirements for residential or amenity premises, parking places and storage of equipment.”
“It cost a lot of money to rebuild everything, so it was easier to rebuild the military camps anew using new technologies,” the commander emphasized.
Eight berths and six military camps are also being reconstructed in Crimea and Sevastopol, and two airfields are expected to be reconstructed to base the new aircraft.
“We plan to carry out significant work on the territory of two ranges of coastal troops and marines. The plans include the continuation of the construction of housing for military personnel, the completion of design work for the reconstruction of the main fleet hospital and the beginning of the reconstruction of the Krym military sanatorium in Partenit,” Vitko added.
The Kuriles are the islands of our hope
A number of new military facilities are being built on the Kuril Islands of Iturup and Kunashir, as well as social infrastructure: hostels for military personnel, cultural, leisure and sports centers. The total construction area reaches 400 thousand square meters. m, in total it is planned to build 392 buildings and structures.
In 2016, together with the Russian Geographical Society, the military conducted an expedition to the islands of Matua and Paramushir (included in the Kuriles), during which they studied the possibility of deploying troops there. The participants surveyed the runway of the island, deployed mobile airfield complexes and equipment to ensure the movement of aircraft. (cm. )
As part of the planned strengthening of the eastern borders, the Russian military leadership intends to create a new base for the Pacific Fleet forces on the island.
Objects of the Strategic Missile Forces
The infrastructure facilities of the first regiments of the Strategic Missile Forces, equipped with Yars mobile and stationary missile systems, were put into operation.
In 2016, 23 mobile complexes were delivered to the regiments of the Strategic Missile Forces in Teikovo, Nizhny Tagil and Novosibirsk. In 2017, mobile and silo Yars will also continue to be delivered to the Kozelsk, Yoshkar-Ola, Novosibirsk and Irkutsk missile formations.
In the Southern Military District, the arrangement of military camps of two missile brigades equipped with Iskander-M operational-tactical missile systems has been completed.
The arrangement of the missile brigade in Shuya (Ivanovo region) has also been completed. In 2016, the Ground Forces received two brigade sets of this complex.
Airfield in Akhtubinsk
The Main Directorate for the Construction of Roads and Airfields signed a contract for the second stage of the reconstruction of the Akhtubinsk airfield in the Astrakhan region. The State Flight Test Center named after Valery Chkalov is based at this airfield.
The construction of new facilities at this airfield is planned to be even more ambitious: several specialized sites, buildings, heating, sewerage, and power supply systems. Construction of a network of highways and other facilities is envisaged.
On the western ranges and borders
A large-scale reconstruction of training grounds has begun in the Western Military District. Formations and military units in the Leningrad region will receive updated tank directors and military shooting ranges, and training grounds in the Nizhny Novgorod and Voronezh regions will receive new tankodromes.
Military shooting ranges and tank directors will be equipped with tactical kits for creating a remotely controlled target environment and computer simulators for simulating any combat training situations.
As the military assures, “the new tankodromes will meet modern requirements for the training of tank drivers of various modifications,” and the reconstruction of training grounds and the construction of new facilities will significantly reduce the training time for specialists and the combat interaction of units.
The Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation begins the construction of a military base in Boguchar. An old military warehouse is already located at this place, but now there will be a base with dozens of buildings and military installations. According to the plan, more than 1.3 thousand units of military equipment and more than 5.2 thousand military personnel will be stationed here. There will also be ammunition depots, a medical unit, a swimming pool and a large training complex. The object will be able to withstand biological, chemical and nuclear attack.
The Ministry of Defense has not yet given comments on the start of construction. However, the decision to build was made in accordance with the sovereign law of the country.
It is also known that another base is planned to be built near the village of Valuyki in the Belgorod region, about 20 kilometers from the border with the Luhansk region of Ukraine. The town is designed for 3,500 soldiers and will occupy approximately an area of 300 hectares.
The project will build warehouses for the storage of rocket and artillery weapons and other ammunition with a total area of more than 6,000 square meters. A medical center and an educational complex will also be built.
According to the project documentation, the military intend to build a large complex of buildings and sites for training specialists, in particular, artillery, air defense, as well as training in working with tanks, infantry fighting vehicles and armored personnel carriers.
Mountain crossings of the Caucasus
Troops of the Southern Military District will build eight mountain crossings in Chechnya and Ingushetia this year to develop tourism. They will be used to deliver construction materials to the highlands, where tourist zones will be created.
Crossings are built through mountain streams and rivers, which do not allow climbing mountain plateaus. Five crossings are planned in the Chechen Republic and three crossings in Ingushetia. This will allow organizations of the republics to enter construction sites in hard-to-reach areas at an altitude of up to 2.6 thousand meters, where the construction of mountain tourism clusters will be deployed.
Construction has already begun in 2017. In some cases, the military uses pack animals - horses and donkeys - to deliver materials and food. After construction, these crossings will be handed over to civil organizations.
Deployment of military schools and cadet corps
In 2016, the Tula Suvorov Military School was rebuilt from scratch in just five months. Erected in the south-east of the city by the forces of Oboronstroy and the Main Department of Arrangement, on September 1, it received 240 Suvorov students of the fifth, sixth and seventh grades.
The decision to recreate the school was made in March last year by Russian President Vladimir Putin. It is expected that after the completion of all stages of construction, about 560 children will live and study in it.
The construction of the Petrozavodsk Presidential Cadet School has begun. The work is carried out on their own, in the amount of about 30 thousand people. The cost of the entire complex of works to create the school is 4.1 billion rubles.
The decision to create it was made by the President of the Russian Federation at the suggestion of the State Commission for the preparation for the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the formation of Karelia. The place was chosen in the military camp No. 6, located on Komsomolsky Prospekt in Petrozavodsk. In September of this year, the school should open its doors to new students.
According to Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation Timur Ivanov, the creation of such educational institutions and the revival of the glorious traditions of the cadetism is a priority strategic task for the Ministry of Defense.
In Syria, seriously and for a long time
Today, Russia uses two large military facilities in Syria - the Khmeimim air base in the province of Latakia and the logistics center (PMTO) of the Navy in the city of Tartus on the Mediterranean coast.
Until the end of 2012, the latter was a rather modest mooring complex with a fresh water, technical premises and a staff of four.
A full reconstruction of the PMTO began in 2015. The staff of specialists at the facility has rapidly increased to 1,700 people. What exactly is happening in Tartus now is a mystery behind seven seals.
It is only known that on December 3, 2016, Vladimir Putin signed the “Order on the signing of an agreement between Syria on the expansion of the territory of the Russian Navy support point in the area of the port of Tartus and the entry of Russian warships into the territorial sea of Syria” and this probably indicates the construction of a full-fledged military sea base.
According to open sources, the port after the reconstruction will be able to simultaneously receive surface ships of the first and second ranks, large-capacity barges, submarines, including nuclear ones.
Khmeimim air base, on the contrary, has long been fully equipped. The Russian military settled down quite well in Latakia, and a small tent camp set up near the airstrips turned into a full-fledged city in two years. It has everything for the most comfortable service in the difficult conditions of a hot arid climate.
The base has warehouses for storing ammunition and fuel, points for refueling and repairing equipment, modern field food points, bath and laundry complexes, bakeries, first-aid posts and much more.
Personnel are accommodated in special comfortable container blocks. Powerful defensive lines are deployed around the base, consisting, among other things, of modern air defense and electronic warfare systems.
“You have to understand that Khmeimim is a fairly developed airbase capable of receiving all types of aircraft,” comments Igor Korotchenko, editor-in-chief of the National Defense magazine. - Not only fighters can be based there, but also, say, Tu-22M3 long-range bombers. Or even strategic missile carriers Tu-95 and Tu-160. This opens up opportunities for Russia to counter a wide range of threats. Air-launched cruise missiles X-101 will be able to reach any target in the region. The same can be said about the "Caliber", which are armed with ships based in Tartus. On the one hand, we, in fact, take control of the entire Middle East. On the other hand, we fend off threats that may be relevant for us on the southern flanks of NATO. It's an exceptionally convenient combination."
In conclusion, about the modern look of the VSK MO RF
At any point in the country, in remote areas, in seismically active regions, mountainous and desert areas, permafrost areas - military builders design and create modern military and civilian facilities: bases and garrisons, arsenals and training grounds, barracks and headquarters, airfields and ports, production and logistics and educational and training complexes, residential buildings and parks, hospitals and clinics, schools for gifted children and cadet, Suvorov schools.
On the scale of our country, these are thousands of objects for various purposes: from pre-fabricated shelters for equipment to an engineering “miracle” - the Arctic Shamrock military base.
According to the military department, the use of modern technologies has made it possible to halve the construction time for shelters for equipment and objects of the barracks and housing stock and to achieve the cost of building 1 square. m of objects of the Ministry of Defense, not exceeding 30 thousand rubles, which is lower than in the country as a whole.
“Modern military construction is a diversified industry. Figuratively, it can be compared with high-tech, powerful military equipment, which must quickly and efficiently perform tasks in the interests of the Armed Forces wherever needed. Including territories with difficult geographical and climatic conditions: in seismically active regions, mountainous and desert areas, permafrost areas, ”says Lieutenant General Timur Ivanov, Deputy Defense Minister in charge of the construction industry of the military department.
The effectiveness of the military-construction complex of the RF Ministry of Defense in terms of its indicators for the first time reached the level of the post-war period. The total area of buildings is 3.2 million square meters. m. The pace of construction is 18% higher than in 2016 and more than 10 times the period of 2010-2012, when only 210 objects were commissioned.
This is due to correct management decisions and the definition of a new effective structure of military development, which requires the creation and use of our own forces, and not subcontracting or contractor organizations. For military construction activity has a result in the final balance: i.e. commissioned facility, rather than making commercial profits.
Breaking contracts with unscrupulous performers also began to have a positive effect. “There have already been such examples and precedents, in particular in the so-called insular and Arctic zones. This is the Kuril ridge, and the New Siberian Islands in the Arctic. By the way, this gave a serious effect, ”Ivanov also shared.
However, according to him, at the moment, the total need of the army for infrastructure facilities, taking into account the depreciation of funds, is 30 million square meters. In 2017, it was planned to put into operation 3290 buildings and structures, and eventually an increase is expected this indicator up to almost 4,000.
Naturally, there is no question of the complete reincarnation of the Military Construction Complex of the RF Ministry of Defense. But the fact that the leadership of our military department is on the right track, makes well-thought-out management decisions and acts effectively - must be recognized.
Boris Skupov
Driving past the Academy of the FSB on Michurinsky Prospekt, I noticed that a private company was building a new complex of buildings. As if there are no military construction organizations in our country. In fact, apart from Spetsstroy of Russia, they now do not remain. During the years of reforms, the Main Military Construction Directorate, the Main Military Construction Directorate "Center" (GVSU "Center"), the Main Directorate of the Construction Industry of the Ministry of Defense were privatized. Until recently, only the GUSS (Main Directorate for Special Construction) held on, which was renamed either the Directorate for the Arrangement of Troops (UOV), or the Main Directorate for the Arrangement of Troops. At present, it has also been decided to corporatize the former GUSS, and those of its units that worked at facilities like the Plesetsk cosmodrome and performed other responsible tasks are transferred to the Federal Agency for Special Construction (Spetsstroy of Russia). Thank God that it exists and develops, otherwise defense construction in general could simply die.
At present, the headquarters of military construction projects - the Central Organizational Planning Directorate (TsOPU) - has also been disbanded.
How did we come to the fact that the most powerful military construction complex was actually liquidated?!
Since 1987 began spitting in funds mass media military construction units. They began to be called the heirs of the military settlements of Arakcheev, the remnants of serfdom. Such publications as Ogonyok, Moskovsky Komsomolets, Izvestia were especially zealous in this. Later, even the Soviet Warrior magazine joined the choir of detractors of an important and necessary military specialty. Since 1989, the speeches of the Red Star in defense of military builders have become less militant. Yes, even the vile work of Kaledin "Stroybat". You read such materials and you are horrified: they mock people, they say that they do work that is completely unnecessary for the army. And there are no such formations in any country. The detractors of military construction allegedly did not know that military construction work was actively carried out by the US Army Corps of Engineers, that military construction units were under different names exist in all countries of the world and have been at all times, since ancient Egypt. By the way, even the ancient Romans, from whom modern humanity borrowed a lot (up to weather reports and taxis), believed that construction was one of the most important military specialties.
I don't mind that people who had a criminal record were called to the construction units in vain, that it was the latter who brought hazing. But after all, military builders performed important work for the good of the Motherland, and also received specialties valuable for civilian life. The situation needed to be corrected, and not to be thrown out with the water of the child, and to engage in the privatization of military organizations. Perhaps, in general, we will entrust foreign construction companies with the construction of special fortifications (SPS) and other defense facilities. Let them know what and how it works, because you can reveal all the secrets!
By the way, the importance of military builders was made even more important by the scientific and technological revolution in military affairs that took place in the 1950s, associated with the development of nuclear missile weapons, which led to fundamental changes in the structure and technical equipment of the troops. The role of special military facilities (combat missile systems, anti-aircraft and anti-missile defense systems, highly protected command posts, wire communication centers, receiving and transmitting radio centers, airfields, basing points for ships of the Navy, etc.) has sharply increased. capital construction. The existing ones have become much more complicated and fundamentally new special structures have appeared, the technical systems and equipment of special facilities have changed qualitatively. At the same time, the requirements for the arrangement and quartering of troops were significantly tightened. There has been a fundamental change in the nature of all construction in the Ministry of Defense, its tasks have been significantly expanded, and the volumes have increased.
Special educational institutions were also needed, the network of which, at the present time, due to the reduction in construction volumes and the disbandment of most parts, began to fold.
It's a shame that with the reform, a sad fate awaits next year the illustrious Military Engineering and Technical University (VITU), which recently celebrated its 70th anniversary. He will have to become part of the Military Academy of Logistics and Transport and be redeployed from St. Petersburg.
The birth of the university on June 22, 1939, when the People's Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov signed Order No. 301, which stated: “Based on Decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR No. 148 dated June 10, 1939, organize the Higher Naval Engineering and Construction School of the Republic of Kazakhstan Navy (VVMISU) on the basis of the Leningrad Institute of Industrial Construction Engineers” was not accidental.
The quantitative and qualitative change in the structure of the Navy, as one of the important components of the country's Armed Forces, required the creation of new and radical reconstruction of the existing forces and means of basing the fleet and coastal defense.
This problem was practically solved on the basis of the wide introduction of the achievements of science and technology and the use of world experience in the design, construction and operation of coastal and hydrotechnical facilities of the fleet. Since the technical and electric power equipment of these facilities has sharply increased, an urgent need has arisen to increase the number and improve the quality of training of military power engineers of a wide profile.
In April 1960, by directive of the Minister of Defense, the Higher Engineering and Technical School of the Red Banner was transferred from the Navy system to the subordination of the Deputy USSR Ministry of Defense for the construction and quartering of troops. He was entrusted with the task of training military engineers for the entire system of capital construction of the Ministry of Defense. From September 1960, the school became known as the Higher Military Engineering and Technical School (VVITKU).
More and more new specialties appeared on the basis of existing faculties. Including electrical engineers for the installation of electrical equipment for special objects of the Moscow Region, electromechanical engineers for the installation of thermal power equipment for special objects of the Moscow Region, as well as completely new specialists for the school - mechanical engineers for operation construction machines and equipment manufacturing enterprises military construction organizations. The educational institution developed successfully. Already at the beginning of the 21st century, specialists in psychology began to be trained in it.
Back in the dashing 90s, as the doctor of technical sciences, Colonel V.G. Krivov in his book "At the Frontiers of Military Energy", far-sighted leaders did everything to preserve this university, glorious for its scientific schools, transformed in 1993 into the Military Engineering and Construction Institute (VISI). On its basis, it is necessary to create the first polytechnic university in the Armed Forces, which trains personnel not only for the military construction complex. For example, the energy faculty of the school, which was based on the electromechanical faculty established on June 10, 1941, has become the leading training unit for the training of personnel for military power engineers.
In connection with the special role as an educational and scientific center in the training of military engineering personnel and scientific support for construction, the Military Engineering and Technical University (VITU) was formed on the basis of VISI and the Pkinsk Higher Military Engineering Construction School (PVVISU). The transformation into a university was an act of recognition of its high authority as an educational and scientific center of the construction and apartment bodies of the Ministry of Defense. VITU was entrusted with: the implementation of professional educational programs of higher and postgraduate education in military engineering and technical specialties; training, retraining and (or) advanced training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel, as well as training on a contractual basis of specialists for federal authorities; performing scientific research; implementation of the functions of the scientific and scientific-methodological center of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the field of its activity.
The now planned unification with the Academy of Logistics and Transport will lead to the death of the unique scientific schools of the Military Engineering and Technical University, the destruction of military traditions and will not at all serve the cause of strengthening the defense of our Fatherland.
Military engineer and historian
Vasily Lamtsov
Every army needs own infrastructure. And the larger and more technologically advanced the army, the more diverse the range of weapons used, the larger and more complex facilities are required to accommodate personnel and equipment, warehouses and ranges of weapons or ammunition, and training positions for training troops.
In Russia, the military-construction complex of the Ministry of Defense is engaged in the design and construction of all these facilities. Not so long ago, he once again underwent a large-scale reform.
IN last days In 2016, President Putin's Decree "On the Abolition of the Federal Agency for Special Construction" was published, according to which Spetsstroy must cease its independent activities by July 1, 2017, and its functions are transferred to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
In the military expert community, this decision caused an unambiguously positive reaction. Indeed, in Soviet times, the military-construction complex was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense, and only as a result of perestroika it turned into a completely “civilian” service. And, I must say, it has degraded greatly since then.
So the Russian Rosspetsstroy is not at all the same as the famous Soviet Spetsstroy.
The prototype of the Spetsstroy of the USSR - Construction Department No. 565 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR - was created on March 31, 1951, and in 1953 it was transformed into the Main Directorate of Special Construction (Glavspetsstroy). Prior to this, the military-construction complex as a single structure did not exist.
Glavspetsstroy was created mainly for the construction of the Moscow S-25 Berkut air defense system. The Big and Small concrete rings around Moscow are the highways of this system. Then Glavspetsstroy built the air defense system of Leningrad, known as the S-50, air defense facilities in the Kalinin (now Tver), Novgorod and Pskov regions.
On the account of Glavspetsstroy, the construction of many large industrial facilities in the 20th century. This is the construction of the Verkhnyaya Salda Metallurgical production association, the so-called Titanium Magnitogorsk, and the expansion of the Izhevsk machine-building and metallurgical plants, and the construction of special communication systems, the construction of the plant named after M.V. Khrunichev, the Krasny Oktyabr, Energomash and Znamya Labor plants, the Energia " them. Academician S.P. Korolev and many other civilian or dual-use facilities. And all this - not counting the construction of special military facilities, many of which are still secret.
But that was before the collapse of the USSR.
In the 1990s, Spetsstroy was subjected to a whole series of abolitions, reorganizations and cutbacks, engineering and construction units were transferred to the subordination of other structures, states were reduced, and so on.
In general, the trend was clear. An army that is not going to fight with the West, reducing its ranks and moving to a contract basis, does not need its own powerful construction complex. It doesn't fit the concept. market relations. And the problems of preserving unique developments, highly professional personnel, and simply secrecy did not bother anyone at that time.
By 1997, there were only 20,000 military builders left and just over 200 people from the central office. But the reorganizations continued, and they ended only in 2004 with the formation federal agency special construction (Rosspetsstroy).
But this was not the end of the reformist troubles of the military construction complex. Because Anatoly Serdyukov became the head of the Ministry of Defense. He, along with his protege Dmitry Naginsky, as they say, “squeezed” Rosspetsstroy from the Ministry of Defense.
Serdyukov's team decided to make civilian enterprises engaged in military construction. And now included in the VSK construction organizations undertook to work exclusively on a tender basis. One has only to think about it - strategic, secret and special defense facilities were built by ordinary commercial firms!
In addition, there was a banal "cut" of the property of the VSK, because enterprises belonging to the military construction industry owned expensive land, equipment, buildings, often in prestigious areas of large cities, and other tangible assets. Here it is worth recalling the story that was pretty sensational in its time with the sale of the building of the design institute 31 GPISS on Smolensky Boulevard in Moscow.
That is, an unprecedented scope for fraud opened up, and Rosspetstroy took full advantage of this. Only when in November 2015, due to the unavailability of the Vostochny cosmodrome, the president had to postpone the launch of the Soyuz-2.1a launch vehicle for six months, the Spetsstroy case began to be promoted. As a result of the checks, monstrous abuses were revealed.
It turned out that Spetsstroy itself performs work for only 15-20% of the cost of contracts, and everything else (including design and estimate documentation) outsources to third parties. It is not surprising that the deadlines for the implementation of state contracts (totaling more than 159 billion rubles) were disrupted, and there were delays from the work schedule at 72 out of 83 military facilities.
But Spetsstroy especially distinguished itself at the Vostochny cosmodrome. More than 250 "sharashkin offices" (that is, third-party construction companies), most of which had neither the necessary competence, nor equipment, nor high-quality specialists. Many dozens of criminal cases were initiated in cases of embezzlement and non-payment of salaries. There was no longer even a question of secrecy, to achieve at least a relative quality.
So the abolition of Rosspetsstroy carried out by the president and the transfer of its assets to the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense was a matter of critical importance from the point of view of the country's security.
The new structure faced extremely serious tasks:
- be able to create special, conceptual, standard projects military and civilian facilities, taking into account the engineering and transport infrastructure, climatic and geographical features of the area;
- be ready to build any buildings, complexes and special military structures on a turnkey basis;
- objects under construction must have a modern infrastructure and a well-maintained environment, they must be fully equipped with new, high-tech equipment according to their purpose;
- the daily task is also the operation of residential and housing-barracks funds.
So, the tasks are defined, the goals are designated. It would seem that VSK finally found what it needed for so long - the meaning of its existence. However, not all so simple.
Firstly, it is only in an external non-observant view that new organizations have been created and a new structure has been built. But in fact, the personnel, equipment, and everything else for the most part were simply transferred from the liquidated enterprises of the same stealing Rosspetsstroy.
Secondly, not yet completely, but very seriously, during the corporatization of the late 2000s, special design institutes were ruined. A huge number of great military specialists have been lost - some were fired, some retired. This, in the days of Spetsstroy, affected the quality of work and in more affects now.
Thirdly, the inertia of the current method of governance has remained and continues to persist. The head offices of Rosspetsstroy are accustomed to the fact that since there are few specialist builders in the state and a fleet of equipment, the missing personnel are hired at construction sites, and cars are rented. The result is appropriate.
The old psychology has also been preserved, from which it will take a very long time to get rid of. Neither the usual rampant corruption, nor the failure to meet deadlines, nor non-payments to contractors have not gone away. And this is one of the reasons for the low quality of the objects being built. And no “personnel organizational conclusions” were made within the structure based on the results of such violations. Perhaps the inclusion of capital construction measures in the State program weapons, which was announced by Sergei Shoigu at the collegium of the Ministry of Defense on December 26, 2017. Wait and see.
So far, the only advantage is the very fact of the transfer of special military construction under the wing of the Ministry of Defense. Thus, a single structure responsible for the state defense order in the field of special construction is being created. Which, upon completion of the formation process, will be appointed as the sole supplier in the field of design and construction for the Department of Defense. But even here it was not without a fly in the ointment - VSK is not completely exempted from tender procedures. Enterprises of the military-construction complex are required by law to conduct tenders for their subcontractors, and nothing has changed in this sense.
Thus, the problems of the military-construction complex have not been completely eliminated; there are many weak points left that corrupt officials can take advantage of. And most importantly, all reforms and rearrangements in the military-construction complex will be ineffective until people come to the positions of upper and middle management, who put the task in the first place, who root for their own and common cause, who are able to build relationships with surrounding departments and organizations, regardless of personal preferences and interests, but only on the basis of benefits for the army and the state.
Now let's ask ourselves two fundamental questions. The first of them is whether a state (and even more so a great power), which conducts only private (commercial) construction, is capable of ensuring its defense capability?
Even the wise ancient Romans believed that construction was one of the most important military specialties. The tasks of military construction have since become immeasurably larger. So, can civil builders, who do not know the specifics of special construction, ensure the proper quality, for example, of missile silos or airfields for our strategic bombers?
The second issue is closely related to this - the military construction complex, by the very fact of its belonging to the system of the Ministry of Defense, is aimed at the final result of its work, and not at obtaining commercial profit. Of course, there are cases of theft and fraud here, but this does not negate the principle - when building defense facilities, military builders understand that they are necessary in case of war, and treat their task accordingly. Whereas for commercial construction firms that care only about their own pocket, this is another regular object, the funds allocated for which should be "cut" as efficiently as possible. And whether it will function reliably in wartime is not a concern for the company.
So pass on special construction into the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Defense is only half the battle. And then we need a firm and meaningful leadership of this system, the return of old experienced personnel to research institutes and military construction organizations and the systematic cultivation of new ones, widespread strict control to get rid of criminal work skills that have been ingrained in the flesh and blood, and much more.
And most importantly, try to rid at least the sphere of the country's defense capability of "market" methods of work, which sooner or later will lead both the army and the defense industry to death.